消防中的氣體滅火系統(tǒng)你知道多少？
來(lái)源：http://www.xintli.net/ 日期：2022-04-06
組成：滅火劑儲(chǔ)存瓶組，液體單向閥，集流管，選擇閥，壓力訊號(hào)器，管網(wǎng)，噴嘴，閥驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。
Composition: fire extinguishing agent storage bottle group, liquid check valve, collecting pipe, selector valve, pressure signal, pipe network, nozzle, valve driving device.
工作原理：發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，火災(zāi)探測(cè)器將火警信號(hào)輸送到報(bào)警控制器，鑒定確認(rèn)后，啟動(dòng)報(bào)警裝置，聲光報(bào)警，滅火控制盤(pán)動(dòng)作，啟動(dòng)開(kāi)口關(guān)閉裝置，通風(fēng)機(jī)等聯(lián)動(dòng)設(shè)備，延時(shí)啟動(dòng)閥驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，將滅火劑儲(chǔ)存裝置和選擇閥同時(shí)打開(kāi)，將滅火劑施放到防護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行滅火，滅火劑施放時(shí)壓力訊號(hào)器給出信號(hào)發(fā)出滅火劑施放的聲光報(bào)警。
Working principle: after a fire occurs, the fire detector transmits the fire alarm signal to the alarm controller. After identification and confirmation, start the alarm device, audible and visual alarm, fire extinguishing control panel action, start the opening closing device, ventilator and other linkage equipment, delay the start of valve driving device, open the fire extinguishing agent storage device and selector valve at the same time, and apply the fire extinguishing agent to the protection area for fire extinguishing, When the fire extinguishing agent is applied, the pressure annunciator gives a signal and sends out an audible and visual alarm for the application of fire extinguishing agent.
分類：
Classification:
（1）全淹沒(méi)系統(tǒng)---在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)向防護(hù)區(qū)噴射一定濃度的滅火劑并使其均勻地充滿整個(gè)防護(hù)區(qū)。
(1) Total flooding system --- spray a certain concentration of fire extinguishing agent into the protection area within the specified time and make it evenly fill the whole protection area.
（2）局部應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)---向保護(hù)對(duì)象以設(shè)計(jì)噴射強(qiáng)度直接噴射滅火劑并持續(xù)一定時(shí)間。
(2) Local application system - direct spraying of fire extinguishing agent to the protected object at the designed spraying intensity for a certain period of time.
適用范圍：
Scope of application:
電氣火災(zāi)；
Electrical fire;
固體表面火災(zāi)；
Solid surface fire;
液體火災(zāi)；
Liquid fire;
滅火前能切斷氣源的氣體火災(zāi)。
Gas fire that can cut off the gas source before extinguishing the fire.
注：除電纜隧道(夾層、井)及自備發(fā)電機(jī)房外，K型和其它型熱氣溶膠預(yù)制滅火系統(tǒng)不得用于其它電氣火災(zāi)。
Note: except for cable tunnel (interlayer, well) and self provided generator room, K-type and other hot aerosol prefabricated fire extinguishing systems shall not be used for other electrical fires.
不適用范圍：
Not applicable:
硝化纖維、硝酸鈉等氧化劑或含氧化劑的化學(xué)制品火災(zāi)；
Nitrocellulose, sodium nitrate and other oxidants or chemicals containing oxidants fire;
鉀、鎂、鈉、鈦、鋯、鈾等活潑金屬火災(zāi)；
Potassium, magnesium, sodium, titanium, zirconium, uranium and other active metal fires;
氫化鉀、氫化鈉等金屬氫化物火災(zāi)；
Metal hydride fires such as potassium hydride and sodium hydride;
過(guò)氧化氫、聯(lián)胺等能自行分解的化學(xué)物質(zhì)火災(zāi)。
Hydrogen peroxide, diamine and other chemical substances that can decompose by themselves.
可燃固體物質(zhì)的深位火災(zāi)。
Deep flammable solid fire.
注意：該系統(tǒng)在有人值班時(shí)應(yīng)處在手動(dòng)狀態(tài)！
Note: the system should be in manual state when someone is on duty!
、二氧化碳滅火系統(tǒng)
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：便宜；不污損物品、無(wú)水漬、不導(dǎo)電
Advantages: low price; No stain, no water stain, no conductivity
缺點(diǎn)：滅火效果遜于鹵代烷滅火劑；二氧化碳對(duì)人有窒息作用，低設(shè)計(jì)濃度高于對(duì)人體的致死濃度，只能用于無(wú)人區(qū)域，有人區(qū)域必須采取保護(hù)措施。
Disadvantages: the fire extinguishing effect is inferior to that of halogenated alkane fire extinguishing agent; Carbon dioxide can suffocate people. The minimum design concentration is higher than the lethal concentration to human body. It can only be used in uninhabited areas. Protective measures must be taken in inhabited areas.
工作原理：減少空氣中氧氣含量，使其達(dá)不到支持燃燒濃度，從而抑制火情。
Working principle: reduce the oxygen content in the air so that it cannot reach the supporting combustion concentration, so as to suppress the fire.
、蒸汽滅火系統(tǒng)
. steam fire extinguishing system
組成：蒸汽源，輸汽干管，支管，配汽管。
Composition: steam source, main steam transmission pipe, branch pipe and steam distribution pipe.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：滅火效果好，其中飽和蒸汽優(yōu)于過(guò)熱蒸汽；不會(huì)引起物品損壞。
Advantages: good fire extinguishing effect, in which saturated steam is better than superheated steam; Will not cause damage to items.
工作原理：水蒸氣是熱含量高的惰性氣體，通過(guò)水蒸氣沖淡燃燒區(qū)的可燃性氣體和氧氣的含量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，并瞬間在火焰周圍形成蒸汽層撲滅火災(zāi)。
Working principle: water vapor is an inert gas with high heat content, which is realized by diluting the content of combustible gas and oxygen in the combustion area, and instantly forming a steam layer around the flame to extinguish the fire.
、煙烙盡（IG—541）
Burn out the smoke (IG-541)
組成：52％氮、40％氬、8％二氧化碳三種氣體。
Composition: 52% nitrogen, 40% argon and 8% carbon dioxide.
特點(diǎn)：比空氣略重，屬于惰性氣體滅火劑，以氣態(tài)儲(chǔ)存，其儲(chǔ)存壓力為15MPa。
Features: it is slightly heavier than air and belongs to inert gas fire extinguishing agent. It is stored in gaseous state, and its storage pressure is 15MPa.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：煙烙盡是一種綠色型滅火劑，在滅火時(shí)不會(huì)發(fā)生任何化學(xué)反應(yīng)，不污染環(huán)境，、無(wú)腐蝕，具有良好的電絕緣性能，不會(huì)對(duì)被保護(hù)設(shè)備構(gòu)成危害，也無(wú)須延遲噴放，這是其它滅火劑所不具備的特點(diǎn)。
Advantages: cigarette soldering is a kind of green and environmental friendly fire extinguishing agent. It will not produce any chemical reaction during fire extinguishing, will not pollute the environment, is non-toxic and non-corrosive, has good electrical insulation performance, will not pose harm to the protected equipment, and there is no need to delay the spraying, which is a feature that other fire extinguishing agents do not have.
缺點(diǎn)：因是被動(dòng)滅火，其滅火效果略差，其高壓氣態(tài)儲(chǔ)存方式帶來(lái)了儲(chǔ)瓶數(shù)量大，占地面積大，系統(tǒng)造價(jià)高的缺點(diǎn)。
Disadvantages: due to passive fire extinguishing, its fire extinguishing effect is slightly poor, and its high-pressure gaseous storage mode brings the disadvantages of large number of storage bottles, large floor area and high system cost.
工作原理：通過(guò)降低防護(hù)區(qū)中的氧氣濃度（由空氣正常含氧量的21％降12.5％），使其不能維持燃燒而達(dá)到滅火的目的，為物理反應(yīng)，屬被動(dòng)滅火。
Working principle: by reducing the oxygen concentration in the protection area (from 21% to 12.5% of the normal oxygen content in the air), it can not maintain combustion to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing. It is a physical reaction and belongs to passive fire extinguishing.
、FM200（七氟丙烷HFC-227ea）
FM200 (heptafluoropropane HFC-227ea)
七氟丙烷（美國(guó)商標(biāo)名稱為FM200）滅火劑是一種無(wú)色、幾乎無(wú)味、不導(dǎo)電的氣體。化學(xué)分子式為CF3CHFCF3，密度大約為空氣的6倍，采用高壓液化儲(chǔ)存。
Heptafluoropropane (US trade name FM200) fire extinguishing agent is a colorless, almost tasteless and non-conductive gas. The molecular density of cf3c liquefied air is about 3 times that of hf6 liquefied air.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：FM200是毒性較低、無(wú)色、無(wú)味、無(wú)二次污染的氣體，對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生不良影響的體積濃度臨界值為9％，其小設(shè)計(jì)滅火濃度為7％，因此，正常情況下對(duì)人體不會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響，可用于經(jīng)常有人活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所，尤其對(duì)一些重要保護(hù)場(chǎng)所如機(jī)電室、文物檔案等重要保護(hù)對(duì)象有很好的防護(hù)作用，無(wú)二次損害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，特別是它不破壞大氣臭氧層，符合環(huán)境要求。
Advantages: FM200 is a gas with low toxicity, colorless, tasteless and no secondary pollution. The critical volume concentration of adverse impact on human body is 9%, and its minimum design fire extinguishing concentration is 7%. Therefore, it will not have adverse impact on human body under normal circumstances. It can be used in places with frequent human activities, especially for some important protected places, such as electromechanical room, cultural relics archives and other important protected objects, There is no risk of secondary damage, especially it does not damage the atmospheric ozone layer and meets the environmental requirements.
缺點(diǎn)：其滅火系統(tǒng)也有自身的弱點(diǎn)：不能滅固體深位火災(zāi)，輸送距離短，因?yàn)闇缁饎┑尼尫疟仨氃谑腌娭畠?nèi)完成，達(dá)到滅火濃度，否則產(chǎn)生的酸性分解物對(duì)人體有害，對(duì)被保護(hù)設(shè)施也有腐蝕性，用于組合分配系統(tǒng)時(shí)，各防護(hù)區(qū)位置應(yīng)相對(duì)集中。
Disadvantages: its fire extinguishing system also has its own weakness: it can not extinguish solid deep fire, and the transportation distance is short, because the release of fire extinguishing agent must be completed within ten seconds to reach the fire extinguishing concentration, otherwise the acid decomposition products produced are harmful to human body and corrosive to the protected facilities. When used in the combined distribution system, the positions of each protection area should be relatively concentrated.
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