消火栓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)需要注意哪些事項(xiàng)？
來(lái)源：http://www.xintli.net/ 日期：2023-09-15
消火栓系統(tǒng)主要組成：
The main components of the fire hydrant system are:
消防水源-----消防水池-----消防水泵-----消防管網(wǎng)及閥門(mén)（水泵接合器）-----消火栓---->高位水箱（穩(wěn)壓泵）等主要部分組成的消防滅火系統(tǒng)。
The fire extinguishing system is composed of main components such as fire water source - fire pool - fire water pump - fire pipe network and valves (water pump adapter) - fire hydrant ->high-level water tank (pressure stabilizing pump).
一、消防水源：
1、 Fire water source:
自然水源可作為消防水源，通常消防水源為市政給水。
Natural water sources can be used as firefighting water sources, usually municipal water supply.
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：雙路+環(huán)網(wǎng)
Key points: dual path+ring network
用作兩路消防供水的市政給水管網(wǎng)應(yīng)符合下列要求：
The municipal water supply network used for two-way fire water supply should meet the following requirements:
市政給水廠應(yīng)少兩條輸水干管向市政給水管網(wǎng)輸水；
Municipal water supply plants should have at least two main water supply pipes supplying water to the municipal water supply network;
市政給水管網(wǎng)應(yīng)為環(huán)狀管網(wǎng)；
The municipal water supply network should be a circular network;
應(yīng)少有兩條不同的市政給水干管上不少于兩條引入管向消防給水系統(tǒng)供水。
There should be at least two different municipal water supply main pipes with at least two inlet pipes to supply water to the fire water supply system.
二、消防水池：
2、 Fire water pool:
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：有效容積+補(bǔ)水時(shí)間+消防水不作他用
Key points: effective volume+water replenishment time+fire water not used for other purposes
有效容積
Effective volume
【消防水池的有效容積不應(yīng)小于100m3，當(dāng)僅設(shè)有消火栓系統(tǒng)時(shí)不應(yīng)小于50m3。】
The effective volume of the fire pool should not be less than 100m3, and when only a fire hydrant system is installed, it should not be less than 50m3
當(dāng)消防水池采用兩路消防供水且在火災(zāi)情況下連續(xù)補(bǔ)水能滿足消防要求時(shí)，消防水池的有效容積應(yīng)根據(jù)計(jì)算確定，但不應(yīng)小于100m3，當(dāng)僅設(shè)有消火栓系統(tǒng)時(shí)不應(yīng)小于50m3。
When the fire pool adopts two ways of fire water supply and continuous replenishment in case of fire can meet the fire protection requirements, the effective volume of the fire pool should be determined based on calculation, but should not be less than 100m3. When only a fire hydrant system is installed, it should not be less than 50m3.
消防水池有效容積的計(jì)算應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The calculation of the effective volume of the fire pool should comply with the following regulations:
當(dāng)市政給水管網(wǎng)能保證室外消防給水設(shè)計(jì)流量時(shí)，消防水池的有效容積應(yīng)滿足在火災(zāi)延續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)室內(nèi)消防用水量的要求；
When the municipal water supply network can ensure the design flow of outdoor fire water supply, the effective volume of the fire pool should meet the requirements for indoor fire water consumption during the duration of the fire;
當(dāng)市政給水管網(wǎng)不能保證室外消防給水設(shè)計(jì)流量時(shí)，消防水池的有效容積應(yīng)滿足火災(zāi)延續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)室內(nèi)消防用水量和室外消防用水量不足部分之和的要求。
When the municipal water supply network cannot guarantee the design flow of outdoor fire water supply, the effective volume of the fire pool should meet the requirements of the sum of indoor fire water consumption and the insufficient part of outdoor fire water consumption during the fire duration.
補(bǔ)水時(shí)間
Water replenishment time
【補(bǔ)水時(shí)間不宜大于48h】
The water replenishment time should not exceed 48 hours
消防水池的給水管應(yīng)根據(jù)其有效容積和補(bǔ)水時(shí)間確定，補(bǔ)水時(shí)間不宜大于48h，但當(dāng)消防水池有效總?cè)莘e大于2000m3時(shí)，不應(yīng)大于96h。消防水池進(jìn)水管管徑應(yīng)計(jì)算確定，且不應(yīng)小于DN100。
The water supply pipe of the fire pool should be determined based on its effective volume and replenishment time. The replenishment time should not exceed 48 hours, but when the total effective volume of the fire pool is greater than 2000m3, it should not exceed 96 hours. The diameter of the inlet pipe of the fire pool should be calculated and determined, and should not be less than DN100.
消防水不作他用
Fire water is not used for other purposes
消防用水與其他用水共用的水池，應(yīng)采取確保消防用水量不作他用的技術(shù)措施。
Technical measures should be taken to ensure that the water used for fire protection is not used for other purposes in pools that are shared with other water sources.
三、消防水泵：
3、 Fire water pump:
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：流量+揚(yáng)程+特性曲線
Key points: flow rate+head+characteristic curve
消防水泵生產(chǎn)廠商應(yīng)提供完整的水泵流量揚(yáng)程性能曲線，并應(yīng)標(biāo)示流量、揚(yáng)程、氣蝕余量、功率和效率等參數(shù)。5.1.4 單臺(tái)消防水泵的小額定流量不應(yīng)小于10L/s，大額定流量不宜大于320L/s。
The manufacturer of fire water pumps should provide a complete pump flow and head performance curve, and should indicate parameters such as flow, head, cavitation margin, power, and efficiency. The minimum rated flow rate of a single fire water pump should not be less than 10L/s, and the maximum rated flow rate should not be greater than 320L/s.
高位消防水箱
High level fire water tank
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：有效容積+靜壓差+防凍
Key points: effective volume+static pressure difference+anti freezing
高層民用建筑、總建筑面積大于10000m2且層數(shù)超過(guò)2層的公共建筑和其他重要建筑，必須設(shè)置高位消防水箱；
High level fire water tanks must be installed in high-rise civil buildings, public buildings with a total construction area greater than 10000m2 and more than 2 floors, and other important buildings;
有效容積
Effective volume
臨時(shí)高壓消防給水系統(tǒng)的高位消防水箱的有效容積應(yīng)滿足初期火災(zāi)消防用水量的要求，并應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The effective volume of the high-level fire water tank of the temporary high-pressure fire water supply system should meet the requirements for initial fire water consumption and comply with the following regulations:
一類高層公共建筑，不應(yīng)小于36m3，但當(dāng)建筑高度大于100m時(shí)，不應(yīng)小于50m3，當(dāng)建筑高度大于150m時(shí)，不應(yīng)小于100m3；
A type of high-rise public building should not be less than 36m3, but when the building height is greater than 100m, it should not be less than 50m3, and when the building height is greater than 150m, it should not be less than 100m3;
多層公共建筑、二類高層公共建筑和一類高層住宅，不應(yīng)小于18m3，當(dāng)一類高層住宅建筑高度超過(guò)100m時(shí)，不應(yīng)小于36m3；
Multi story public buildings, Class II high-rise public buildings, and Class I high-rise residential buildings should not be less than 18m3. When the height of Class I high-rise residential buildings exceeds 100m, it should not be less than 36m3;
二類高層住宅，不應(yīng)小于12m3；
Class II high-rise residential buildings should not be less than 12m3;
建筑高度大于21m的多層住宅，不應(yīng)小于6m3；
Multi story residential buildings with a building height greater than 21m should not be less than 6m3;
工業(yè)建筑室內(nèi)消防給水設(shè)計(jì)流量當(dāng)小于或等于25L/s時(shí)，不應(yīng)小于12m3，大于25L/s時(shí)不應(yīng)小于18m3；
When the design flow rate of indoor fire water supply in industrial buildings is less than or equal to 25L/s, it should not be less than 12m3, and when it is greater than 25L/s, it should not be less than 18m3;
總建筑面積大于10000m2且小于30000m2的商店建筑，不應(yīng)小于36m3，總建筑面積大于30000m2的商店，不應(yīng)小于50m3，當(dāng)與本條第1款規(guī)定不一致時(shí)應(yīng)取其較大值。
Store buildings with a total construction area greater than 10000m2 and less than 30000m2 should not be less than 36m3, and stores with a total construction area greater than 30000m2 should not be less than 50m3. When inconsistent with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, the larger value should be taken.
靜壓差
Static pressure difference
高位消防水箱的設(shè)置位置應(yīng)高于其所服務(wù)的水滅火設(shè)施，且低有效水位應(yīng)滿足水滅火設(shè)施不利點(diǎn)處的靜水壓力，并應(yīng)按下列規(guī)定確定：
The location of the high-level fire water tank should be higher than the water extinguishing facility it serves, and the minimum effective water level should meet the hydrostatic pressure at the most unfavorable point of the water extinguishing facility, and should be determined according to the following regulations:
一類高層公共建筑，不應(yīng)低于0.10MPa，但當(dāng)建筑高度超過(guò)100m時(shí)，不應(yīng)低于0.15MPa；
A type of high-rise public building should not be lower than 0.10MPa, but when the building height exceeds 100m, it should not be lower than 0.15MPa;
高層住宅、二類高層公共建筑、多層公共建筑，不應(yīng)低于0.07MPa，多層住宅不宜低于0.07MPa；
High rise residential buildings, Class II high-rise public buildings, and multi-story public buildings should not be less than 0.07MPa, and multi-story residential buildings should not be less than 0.07MPa;
工業(yè)建筑不應(yīng)低于0.10MPa，當(dāng)建筑體積小于20000m3時(shí)，不宜低于0.07MPa；
Industrial buildings should not be less than 0.10MPa, and when the building volume is less than 20000m3, it should not be less than 0.07MPa;
自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)等自動(dòng)水滅火系統(tǒng)應(yīng)根據(jù)噴頭滅火需求壓力確定，但小不應(yīng)小于0.10MPa；
Automatic water extinguishing systems such as sprinkler systems should be determined based on the required pressure of the nozzle for extinguishing fire, but the minimum pressure should not be less than 0.10MPa;
當(dāng)高位消防水箱不能滿足本條第1款～第4 款的靜壓要求時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)穩(wěn)壓泵。
When the high-level fire water tank cannot meet the static pressure requirements of paragraphs 1 to 4 of this article, a pressure stabilizing pump should be installed.
防凍
Antifreeze
高位消防水箱間應(yīng)通風(fēng)良好，不應(yīng)結(jié)冰，當(dāng)必須設(shè)置在嚴(yán)寒、寒冷等冬季結(jié)冰地區(qū)的非采暖房間時(shí)，應(yīng)采取防凍措施，環(huán)境溫度或水溫不應(yīng)低于5℃。
The high-level fire water tank room should have good ventilation and should not freeze. When it is necessary to set up non heating rooms in areas with severe cold, cold or other winter freezing conditions, antifreeze measures should be taken, and the ambient temperature or water temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃.
【消防水池可露天設(shè)置，當(dāng)與生活水池合用時(shí)，需設(shè)置在室內(nèi)】
The fire pool can be set outdoors, and when used in conjunction with the domestic pool, it needs to be set indoors
四、穩(wěn)壓泵：
4、 Pressure stabilizing pump:
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：設(shè)計(jì)流量+設(shè)計(jì)壓力
Key points: design flow rate+design pressure
設(shè)計(jì)流量
Design flow rate
【宜按消防給水設(shè)計(jì)流量的1%～3%計(jì)，且不宜小于1L/s】
It should be calculated based on 1% to 3% of the design flow rate of fire water supply, and should not be less than 1L/s
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)流量應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should comply with the following regulations:
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)流量不應(yīng)小于消防給水系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)的正常泄漏量和系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)流量；
The design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should not be less than the normal leakage rate of the fire water supply system pipeline network and the automatic start-up flow rate of the system;
消防給水系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)的正常泄漏量應(yīng)根據(jù)管道材質(zhì)、接口形式等確定，當(dāng)沒(méi)有管網(wǎng)泄漏量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)流量宜按消防給水設(shè)計(jì)流量的1%～3%計(jì)，且不宜小于1L/s；
The normal leakage rate of the fire water supply system pipeline network should be determined based on the pipeline material, interface form, etc. When there is no pipeline leakage data, the design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should be calculated at 1% to 3% of the fire water supply design flow rate, and should not be less than 1L/s;
消防給水系統(tǒng)所采用報(bào)警閥壓力開(kāi)關(guān)等自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)流量應(yīng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品確定。
The automatic starting flow rate of alarm valves, pressure switches, etc. used in the fire water supply system should be determined based on the product.
設(shè)計(jì)壓力
Design pressure
【靜水壓力應(yīng)大于0.15MPa，增加值宜為0.07MPa～0.10MPa】
The hydrostatic pressure should be greater than 0.15 MPa, with an increase of 0.07 MPa to 0.10 MPa
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)壓力應(yīng)符合下列要求：
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should meet the following requirements:
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)壓力應(yīng)滿足系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)和管網(wǎng)充滿水的要求；
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should meet the requirements of automatic system startup and water filling of the pipeline network;
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)壓力應(yīng)保持系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)啟泵壓力設(shè)置點(diǎn)處的壓力在準(zhǔn)工作狀態(tài)時(shí)大于系統(tǒng)設(shè)置自動(dòng)啟泵壓力值，且增加值宜為0.07MPa～0.10MPa；
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should maintain that the pressure at the set point of the system's automatic pump starting pressure is greater than the set automatic pump starting pressure value of the system in the quasi working state, and the increase value should be 0.07MPa~0.10MPa;
穩(wěn)壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)壓力應(yīng)保持系統(tǒng)不利點(diǎn)處水滅火設(shè)施在準(zhǔn)工作狀態(tài)時(shí)的靜水壓力應(yīng)大于0.15MPa。
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should maintain the static water pressure of the water extinguishing facilities at the most unfavorable point of the system in the quasi working state, which should be greater than 0.15MPa.
設(shè)置穩(wěn)壓泵的臨時(shí)高壓消防給水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置防止穩(wěn)壓泵頻繁啟停的技術(shù)措施，當(dāng)采用氣壓水罐時(shí)，其調(diào)節(jié)容積應(yīng)根據(jù)穩(wěn)壓泵啟泵次數(shù)不大于15次/h計(jì)算確定，但有效儲(chǔ)水容積不宜小于150L。
The temporary high-pressure fire water supply system with a pressure stabilizing pump should be equipped with technical measures to prevent frequent start and stop of the pressure stabilizing pump. When using a pneumatic water tank, its regulating volume should be determined based on the number of times the pressure stabilizing pump is started no more than 15 times/h, but the effective water storage volume should not be less than 150L.
五、水泵接合器：
5、 Water pump adapter:
自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)、水噴霧滅火系統(tǒng)、泡沫滅火系統(tǒng)和固定消防炮滅火系統(tǒng)等水滅火系統(tǒng)，均應(yīng)設(shè)置消防水泵接合器。5.4.3 消防水泵接合器的給水流量宜按每個(gè)10L/s～15L/s計(jì)算。每種水滅火系統(tǒng)的消防水泵接合器設(shè)置的數(shù)量應(yīng)按系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)流量經(jīng)計(jì)算確定，但當(dāng)計(jì)算數(shù)量超過(guò)3個(gè)時(shí)，可根據(jù)供水可靠性適當(dāng)減少；
Water fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, foam extinguishing system and fixed fire monitor extinguishing system shall be equipped with fire pump adapter. 5.4.3 The water supply flow of the fire pump adapter should be calculated at a rate of 10L/s to 15L/s. The number of fire pump adapters for each type of water extinguishing system should be determined through calculation based on the system design flow rate. However, when the calculated number exceeds 3, it can be appropriately reduced based on water supply reliability;
六、消防水泵房：
6、 Fire water pump room:
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：設(shè)備布置+環(huán)境要求+設(shè)置位置
Key points: equipment layout+environmental requirements+setting location
設(shè)備布置
Equipment layout
消防水泵機(jī)組的布置應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The layout of the fire pump unit should comply with the following regulations:
相鄰兩個(gè)機(jī)組及機(jī)組墻壁間的凈距，當(dāng)電機(jī)容量小于22kW時(shí)，不宜小于0.60m；當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)容量不小于22kW，且不大于55kW時(shí)，不宜小于0.8m；當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)容量大于55kW且小于255kW時(shí)，不宜小于1.2m；當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)容量大于255kW時(shí)，不宜小于1.5m；
The clear distance between adjacent units and the wall should not be less than 0.60m when the motor capacity is less than 22kW; When the motor capacity is not less than 22kW and not more than 55kW, it should not be less than 0.8m; When the motor capacity is greater than 55kW and less than 255kW, it should not be less than 1.2m; When the motor capacity is greater than 255kW, it should not be less than 1.5m;
當(dāng)消防水泵就地檢修時(shí)，應(yīng)少在每個(gè)機(jī)組一側(cè)設(shè)消防水泵機(jī)組寬度加0.5m的通道，并應(yīng)保證消防水泵軸和電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子在檢修時(shí)能拆卸；
When the fire water pump is undergoing on-site maintenance, a channel with a width of at least 0.5m should be installed on one side of each unit, and it should be ensured that the fire water pump shaft and motor rotor can be disassembled during maintenance;
消防水泵房的主要通道寬度不應(yīng)小于1.2m。
The main passage width of the fire pump room should not be less than 1.2m.
環(huán)境要求
Environmental requirements
【通風(fēng)宜按6次/h設(shè)計(jì)】
Ventilation should be designed at 6 times per hour
消防水泵房的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的采暖、通風(fēng)和排水設(shè)施，并應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The design of the fire pump room should be based on the specific situation and design corresponding heating, ventilation, and drainage facilities, and should comply with the following regulations:
嚴(yán)寒、寒冷等冬季結(jié)冰地區(qū)采暖溫度不應(yīng)低于10℃，但當(dāng)無(wú)人值守時(shí)不應(yīng)低于5℃；
The heating temperature in winter freezing areas such as severe cold and cold should not be lower than 10 ℃, but should not be lower than 5 ℃ when unmanned;
消防水泵房的通風(fēng)宜按6次/h設(shè)計(jì)；
The ventilation of the fire pump room should be designed at 6 times per hour;
消防水泵房應(yīng)設(shè)置排水設(shè)施。
The fire pump room should be equipped with drainage facilities.
設(shè)置位置
Set Position
【不應(yīng)設(shè)置在地下三層及以下】
It should not be set at or below the third underground floor
消防水泵房應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The fire pump room should comply with the following regulations:
獨(dú)立建造的消防水泵房耐火等級(jí)不應(yīng)低于二級(jí)；
The fire resistance rating of an independently built fire pump room should not be lower than Level 2;
附設(shè)在建筑物內(nèi)的消防水泵房，不應(yīng)設(shè)置在地下三層及以下，或室內(nèi)地面與室外出入口地坪高差大于10m的地下樓層；
The fire water pump room attached to the building should not be installed on three or less underground floors, or on underground floors with a height difference of more than 10m between the indoor ground and the outdoor entrance ground;
附設(shè)在建筑物內(nèi)的消防水泵房，應(yīng)采用耐火極限不低于2.0h的隔墻和1.50h的樓板與其他部位隔開(kāi)，其疏散門(mén)應(yīng)直通出口，且開(kāi)向疏散走道的門(mén)應(yīng)采用防火門(mén)。
The fire water pump room attached to the building should be separated from other parts by partition walls with a fire resistance limit of no less than 2.0h and a 1.50h floor slab. The evacuation door should directly lead to the safety exit, and the door opening towards the evacuation aisle should use Class A fire doors.
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