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來源：http://www.xintli.net/ 日期：2024-01-16
一、煙霧報警器按信息傳輸方式不同，從探測器到主機之間可分為有線和無線2種有線的大多為聯網式，需要外接電源，但可以跟其他的系統聯動，比如噴水、報警等，一旦發生意外可以 馬上聯動處理，大多用在商超、寫字樓等地方。
1、 Smoke alarms can be divided into two types based on information transmission methods: wired and wireless, from the detector to the host. Most wired alarms are networked and require external power supply, but can be linked with other systems such as sprinkler and alarm systems. Once an accident occurs, they can be immediately linked and processed. They are mostly used in supermarkets, office buildings, and other places.
而無線的則為獨立式，主要使用電池，相比有線來說，安裝更方便，不需要額外找電源插口，但需要定期 更換電池。目前一些智能煙霧報警器，增加了WIFI模塊，即使是獨立式也可以與同網絡環境下的其他報警產 品聯動。從安裝角度來看，獨立型大多為直接粘貼式，通過膠直接粘貼在天花板上即可。
Wireless devices, on the other hand, are independent and mainly use batteries. Compared to wired devices, they are more convenient to install and do not require additional power sockets, but require regular battery replacement. At present, some intelligent smoke alarms have added WIFI modules, which can be linked with other alarm products in the same network environment even if they are independent. From an installation perspective, most independent models are directly pasted, which can be directly pasted onto the ceiling through adhesive.
二、煙霧報警器從使用的傳感器可分為
2、 Smoke alarms can be classified based on the sensors used
離子煙霧報警器
Ionic smoke alarm
離子煙霧報警器有一個電離室，離子室所用放射元素一一鋸241 (Am241),強度約0.8微居里左右，正 常狀態下處于電場的平衡狀態，當有煙塵進入電離室會破壞這種平衡關系，報警電路檢測到濃度超過設定的閾 值發出報警。
The ion smoke alarm has an ionization chamber, and the radioactive elements used in the ion chamber are sawn 241 (Am241) with an intensity of about 0.8 microcuries. Under normal conditions, it is in an equilibrium state of the electric field. When smoke enters the ionization chamber, it will disrupt this equilibrium relationship. The alarm circuit detects that the concentration exceeds the set threshold and sends an alarm.
它是在電離室內含有少量放射性物質，可使電離室內空氣成為導體，允許定電流在兩個電極之間的空氣中 通過，射線使局部空氣成電離狀態，經電壓作用形成離子流，這就給電離室一個有效的導電性。當煙粒子 進入電離化區域時，它們由于與離子相接合而降低了空氣的導電性，形成離子移動的減弱。當導電性低于預定 值時，探測器發出警報。
It contains a small amount of radioactive material in the ionization chamber, which can make the air inside the ionization chamber a conductor, allowing a constant current to pass through the air between the two electrodes. The radiation ionizes the local air and forms an ion current through the action of voltage, which gives the ionization chamber an effective conductivity. When smoke particles enter the ionization zone, they decrease the conductivity of the air due to their binding with ions, resulting in a weakening of ion movement. When the conductivity falls below the predetermined value, the detector issues an alarm.
光電煙霧報警器
Photoelectric smoke alarm
光電煙霧報警器內有一個光學迷宮，安裝有紅外對管，無煙時紅外接收管收不到紅外發射管發出的紅外 光，當煙塵進入光學迷宮時，通過折射、反射，接收管接收到紅外光，智能報警電路判斷是否超過閾值，如果超過發出警報
There is an optical maze inside the photoelectric smoke alarm, which is equipped with infrared tubes. When there is no smoke, the infrared receiving tube cannot receive the infrared light emitted by the infrared emitting tube. When smoke enters the optical maze, the receiving tube receives infrared light through refraction and reflection. The intelligent alarm circuit determines whether the threshold is exceeded. If it exceeds the threshold, an alarm will be issued
它是利用起火時產生的煙霧能夠改變光的傳播特性這一基本性質而研制的。根據煙粒子對光線的吸收和散 射作用。光電感煙探測器又分為遮光型和散光型兩種。
It is developed based on the fundamental property that the smoke generated during a fire can alter the propagation characteristics of light. Based on the absorption and scattering of light by smoke particles. Photoelectric smoke detectors are divided into two types: shading type and astigmatism type.
吸氣式煙霧探測器
Aspirated smoke detector
VESDA即”非常早期的煙霧探測設備”，這是根據產品的功能而起的名字。而根據其原理特點，也稱其為 吸氣式或采樣式煙霧探測器。為極早探測到煙霧，更快發出報警，VESDA-改傳統點式探測系統等煙霧飄散到 探測器再進行探測的方式，主動對空E進行采樣探測，使保護區內的空氣樣品被VESDA內部的吸氣泵吸入采樣 管道，送到探測器進行分析，如果發現煙霧顆粒,即發出報警。VESDA的具體工作流程是空氣由四根管道進入 VESDA經過過濾器，吸氣泵送入激光探測腔，探測信號送到控制顯示單元。這期間還有經過次過濾的空氣保持 激光腔內光學部件的清潔。
VESDA is a very early smoke detection device, named after the functionality of the product. According to its principle characteristics, it is also known as an aspirated or sampling style smoke detector. In order to detect smoke very early and issue an alarm faster, VESDA has changed the traditional point type detection system to actively sample and detect air samples in the protected area, which are sucked into the sampling pipeline by the internal suction pump of VESDA and sent to the detector for analysis. If smoke particles are found, an alarm will be issued. The specific workflow of VESDA is that air enters the VESDA through four pipes, passes through filters, is pumped into the laser detection chamber, and the detection signal is sent to the control display unit. During this period, there is also air that has undergone secondary filtration to maintain the cleanliness of the optical components inside the laser cavity.
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